Composing CJK characters

InCopy supports four methods developed for typesetting, including Adobe Japanese Single-line Composer, Adobe Japanese Paragraph Composer, Adobe Paragraph Composer, and Adobe Single-line Composer. Each Composer evaluates possible breaks in CJK and Roman text, and chooses those that best support the hyphenation and justification options specified for a given paragraph.

The Adobe Paragraph Composer

Considers a network of breakpoints for an entire paragraph, and thus can optimize earlier lines in the paragraph in order to eliminate especially unattractive breaks later on.

The Paragraph Composer approaches composition by identifying possible breakpoints, evaluating them, and assigning a weighted penalty to them based on such principles as evenness of letterspacing, word spacing, and hyphenation, or Roman words set to a language that supports hyphenation dictionaries.

Adobe Japanese Paragraph Composer

Adobe Japanese Paragraph Composer, like the Paragraph Composer, evaluates breaks (where to wrap to the next line) in units of paragraphs. If characters are added to or deleted from a paragraph specified for this Composer, mojikumi may be modified on the line before the edit point because the Composer re‑evaluates mojikumi in the whole paragraph in order to optimize it.

The Paragraph Composer approaches composition by identifying possible breakpoints, evaluating them, and assigning a weighted penalty to them based on such principles as evenness of letterspacing, word spacing, and hyphenation.

Paragraph Composer evaluates breaks for the entire paragraph and fits mojikumi on the basis of character spacing, word spacing, and rules for even hyphenation. For CJK text, this is calculated as the difference between the actual value of mojikumi aki inserted for full justification or kinsoku processing and the optimum value set in the Mojikumi Settings dialog box. When the aki necessary for full line justification is more than the maximum aki, or when the aki necessary for kinsoku processing is less than the minimum aki, an H&J violation occurs.

The Adobe Single-line Composer

Offers a traditional approach to composing text one line at a time. This option is useful if you want to restrict composition changes from late stage edits, and you don’t care about some lines in the paragraph being very loose while others fit perfectly.

Adobe Japanese Single-line Composer

Adobe Japanese Single-line Composer applies mojikumi by evaluating line breaks one line at a time, in the same way as Single-line Composer.

Change CJK composition preferences

Use mojikumi

Mojikumi specifies text composition for spacing of Japanese and Chinese characters, roman characters, punctuation, special characters, line start, line end and numbers. For Korean text, mojikumi may not be applicable. You can also specify paragraph indents.

For Japanese text, the existing character spacing rules in InDesign follow the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specification, JISx4051‑1995. You can also select from InDesign predefined mojikumi sets. Furthermore, you can create specific mojikumi sets, and change the values for character spacing.

For Chinese text, you can use mojikumi display settings for Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese. If these options do not appear in the Mojikumi Set list, you can select them in the Mojikumi Options section of the Preferences dialog box.

InCopy includes 14 types of mojikumi presets for Japanese and 2 for Chinese. You can also modify the presets to be displayed in Preferences, and you can determine whether CID-Based Mojikumi is used.

In InCopy, you can change the mojikumi settings of a paragraph, but you can’t create a custom mojikumi set or change custom mojikumi settings as in InDesign. For details, see InDesign Help.

For more information on using mojikumi in InDesign, see www.adobe.com/go/learn_id_mojikumi_en.

Apply a mojikumi set to a paragraph

To disable mojikumi settings, choose None from the Mojikumi pop‑up menu.

Change the display of mojikumi presets

Change mojikumi settings

You can edit the settings for spacing that you use a lot, such as the spacing between a period and following opening parenthesis, in a mojikumi set you create.

For example, when you want to compress the character spacing for parentheses in the text, from Okoshi yakumono in Yakumono, change the Middle Line setting for Open Parentheses, or Close Parentheses in Uke yakumono. The following settings are available: 50% Fixed, 50%(0%‑50%), 50%(25%‑50%), 0% Fixed, 0%(0%‑50%). For opening parentheses, 50% Fixed leaves a half-width 50% aki before the parenthesis. In other words, it doesn’t compress the aki. 50%(0%‑50%) puts a half-width aki before the parenthesis, but depending on mojikumi settings may not make an aki at all. 50%(25%‑50%) makes a half-width aki before the parenthesis, but depending on mojikumi settings may make an aki which is half the size (25%) of a half-width character. 0% Fixed always compresses aki. 0%(0‑50%) compresses aki, but depending on mojikumi settings may allow a half-width aki. Choose 0% Fixed if you always want to compress spacing before and after parentheses.

By clicking the triangular to the left of Open Parenthesis, Close Parenthesis, commas, periods, and middle punctuation in each of Okoshi Yakumono, Uke Yakumono and Chuzuki Yakumono within Yakumono, items such as round parentheses, corner brackets, Japanese commas, commas, Japanese periods, periods, nakaguro and colons are displayed, allowing setting of aki for each character type. If you apply these settings, brackets won’t be compressed but you can adjust aki for round parentheses.

Furthermore, if you display Detailed, you can edit all classes, set the processing order for each class, and indicate differences between a specified mojikumi set and the current settings.

You can specify the desired value, minimum value, maximum value and order of priority to apply character spacing for each option. The minimum and maximum values are applied when you adjust the spacing for text that is fully justified by kinsoku. The more the Minimum and Maximum percentage values differ from the Desired percentage, the more scope you can give to InDesign to increase or decrease spacing when justifying the line.

For more information on using mojikumi in InDesign, see www.adobe.com/go/learn_id_mojikumi_en.

Create a new mojikumi set

Edit detailed settings for mojikumi

Change the name of a custom mojikumi set

You cannot rename default mojikumi sets.

Delete a custom mojikumi set

Use kinsoku settings

Kinsoku specifies line breaks for Asian text. Characters that cannot be placed at the beginning or end of a line are known as kinsoku characters. For Japanese text, you can use hard kinsoku sets and soft kinsoku sets. Soft kinsoku sets omit long vowel symbols and small hiragana characters. You can use these existing sets, or add or delete kinsoku characters to create new sets. Chinese and Korean versions include special kinsoku sets.

Select kinsoku settings for a paragraph

Create a new kinsoku set

Delete a kinsoku set

You cannot delete predefined kinsoku settings.

Specify whether to push in or push out kinsoku text

You can determine whether text is pushed in or pushed out to prevent kinsoku characters from beginning or ending the line.

Force highlighting of kinsoku text

You may want to check where kinsoku has been applied, as several elements may affect the text composition. When you set the option to highlight kinsoku text to on, kinsoku items are highlighted in blue-gray. Kinsoku items that have been pushed in to keep on the same line are highlighted in red, and kinsoku items that have been pushed out so as not to be on the previous line are highlighted in blue. You can edit and amend the composition of these highlighted items manually.

Turn bunri-kinshi on or off

When bunri-kinshi is on, the characters specified in the Bunri-kinshi Characters section of the Kinsoku Settings dialog box will not be split across lines, and will not be spaced out during full justification.

Use rensuuji

Rensuuji protects numbers from breaking. Furthermore, this option processes punctuation spacing in number strings according to JIS specifications.

Absorb ideographic space

If a space falls at the end of the line, the space may wrap to the next line, causing an jagged appearance. You can select an option to prevent a line from beginning with a space.

You can also make this option part of a paragraph style. This option is located in the Japanese Composition Settings section when creating or editing a style.

Turn off Roman word wrap

When the Arbitrary Hyphenation option is selected, Roman words can be broken without using Roman hyphenation rules, and no hyphen character (-) appears at the end of the line. If this option is not selected, Roman hyphenation rules are used for word breaks.

The Arbitrary Hyphenation option takes effect only if a CJK language is applied to the text. This option has no effect on text to which Roman languages are applied.

You can also make this option part of a paragraph style. This option is located in the Japanese Composition Settings section when creating or editing a style.

Apply kinsoku hanging

Hanging controls whether or not you hang Japanese punctuation marks such as periods or commas outside the margin, and align to the edge of the text frame. Specify hanging characters in Hanging Punctuation in the Kinsoku Settings dialog box.

Rotate half-width characters in vertical text

The direction of half-width characters such as Roman text or numbers changes in vertical text. By setting Roman Rotation in Vertical Text, you can rotate these characters vertically in the paragraph.

When you set this option to on, half-width characters are rotated individually.

Turn warichu on or off

Warichu can be set as inline note for the body text. Warichu usually consists of two lines enclosed within parentheses.

Change warichu options